Neurocognitive Correlates of Working Memory Deficits in Adults Recovering from Major Depressive Disorder
Maksym L. Chernenko1, Beatrice V. Vandevelde2
1Department of Medical and Neuropsychology, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine; 2Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
Abstract
Cognitive impairments, particularly deficits in working memory and executive control, frequently persist even after clinical remission from major depressive disorder (MDD), severely limiting functional recovery and occupational re-engagement. This empirical study investigates the specific neurocognitive correlates and neural efficiency patterns underlying working memory deficits in adults in partial and full clinical remission from MDD. A cross-sectional controlled research design was executed with a cohort of 120 participants (60 remitted MDD patients and 60 healthy matched controls), utilizing computerized n-back tasks, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and high-density electroencephalography (EEG) event-related potential (ERP) recordings, specifically focusing on P300 amplitude and latency parameters. The analytical findings reveal significant impairments in verbal and spatial working memory performance among remitted MDD participants compared to healthy controls, characterized by prolonged P300 latencies and reduced central-parietal amplitudes during high cognitive load conditions. Furthermore, correlational analyses established that residual depressive symptoms and duration of illness significantly predict persistent cognitive slowing. The empirical evidence underscores the critical necessity for adjunctive cognitive remediation therapy tailored specifically to rehabilitate executive control networks in post-depressive populations. These insights contribute to clinical neuropsychology by bridging affective recovery metrics with objective electrophysiological indices of cognitive resilience.